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German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
The German camps in occupied Poland during World War II were built by Nazi Germany in the course of its occupation of Poland (1939–1945) both in the areas ''annexed'' by Germany, and in the territory of General Government formed by the Third Reich in the middle. A system of camps of various kinds was established across the entire country, including extermination camps, Nazi concentration camps, forced labour, and POW camps.
German-occupied Poland was a prison-like territory. It contained 457 camp complexes. Some of the major ones, such as Auschwitz, Gross-Rosen, and Stutthof, consisted of dozens of subsidiary camps scattered over a broad area. At Gross-Rosen (to which Polish nationals were expelled from the annexed part of Poland) the number of subcamps was ninety seven (97). Under Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II Birkenau, and Auschwitz III (Monowitz) the number was forty-eight (48), with thousands of prisoners each; their detailed description of purpose is provided by the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.〔( List of Subcamps of KL Auschwitz (Podobozy KL Auschwitz). ) The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland (Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu), 1999-2010 〕 Stutthof had forty (40) subcamps officially and as many as 105 subcamps in operation,〔 some as far as Elbląg, Bydgoszcz and Toruń, at a distance of from the main camp.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Forgotten Camps: Stutthof )〕
==Overview==
The camp system was one of the fundamental institutions of the Nazi regime, and with the invasion of Poland became the backbone of German war economy and the state organized terror. It is estimated that some 5 million Polish citizens went through them.〔 The racist policies of the Third Reich against Slavs and other "undesirables" filled the labor and concentration camps from the first days of occupation. The deliberate maltreatment, starvation, overwork and executions of prisoners amounted to the largest ethnic cleansing in European history.
Between 1941–1942, the concerted effort to destroy the Polish Jews including those of other European nationalities led to the creation of death camps, constructed for the sole purpose of extermination. It was only after the majority of Jews from all Nazi ghettos were annihilated that the gas chambers and crematoria were blown up in a systematic attempt to hide the evidence of the crimes. The Nazi Germans turned Auschwitz ''Konzentrationslager'' into a major death camp by expanding its extermination facilities. The cremation ovens working around the clock till November 25, 1944; were blown up by the orders of SS chief Heinrich Himmler himself.〔〔(Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland. ) 13 September 2005, Internet Archive.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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